山西

山西

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山西景区介绍

山西省是中国内陆省份,位于黄河中游东岸,华北平原西面的黄土高原上。东以太行山为界,与河北为邻;西、南隔黄河与陕西、河南相望;北以外长城为界与内蒙古毗连。疆域轮廓呈东北斜向西南的平行四边形,南北间距较长,纵长约682千米:最南端在芮城县南张村南。

山西省地处华北西部的黄土高原东翼,地貌从总体来看是一个被黄土广泛覆盖的山地高原,整个轮廓略呈由东北斜向西南的平行四边形。地貌类型复杂多样,有山地、丘陵、高原、盆地、台地等,其中山地、丘陵占80%,高原、盆地、台地等平川河谷占20%。大部分地区海拔在1000米以上,与其东部华北大平原相对比,呈现为强烈的隆起形势。最高处为东北部的五台山叶头峰,海拔达3058米,是华北最高峰;最低处为南部边缘运城垣曲县东南西阳河入黄河处,海拔仅180米。境域地势高低起伏异常显著。

山西省总的地势是“两山夹一川”,东西两侧为山地和丘陵隆起,中部为一列串珠式盆地沉陷,平原分布其间。东部是以太行山为主脉形成的块状山地,由北往南主要有恒山、句注山、五台山、系舟山、太行山、太岳山和中条山脉及其所属的历山、析城山等,其山势挺拔雄伟,海拔在1500米以上。西部是以吕梁山为主干的黄土高原,自北向南分布有七峰山、洪涛山和吕梁山脉所属的管涔山、芦芽山、云中山、黑茶山、关帝山、紫荆山、龙门山等主要山峰,海拔多在1500米以上,关帝山海拔最高达2831米。由北而南珠串着彼此相隔的雁北、忻州、太原、吕梁、阳泉、长治、晋城、临汾、运城九大“多”字形断陷盆地。全省主体轮廓很像一个“凹”字形。

山西被称为“中国古代建筑艺术博物馆”,境内保存完好的宋、金以前的地面古建筑物占中国的70%以上。至2013年底,山西省存有全国重点文物保护单位452处。忻州五台山为四大佛教圣地之一;大同云冈石窟是三大佛教石窟之一;大同北岳恒山为中国五岳之一;悬空寺为国内仅存的“儒、释、道”三教合一寺庙;晋中平遥古城是现存三座古城之一;运城解州关帝庙是规模最大的武庙。皇城相府、乔家大院、渠家大院、王家大院、李家大院、太谷三多堂、常家庄园、申家大院、孟门古镇、孔祥熙故居等为山西的民居代表。

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